American job market and employment policy

When it comes to American employment, we have to say stem and opt. The stem concept was first seen in the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) announced by former US President Bush in his state of the Union address in 2006《 One of the educational objectives defined in the plan in the economic era is to cultivate talents with stem literacy, which is called the key to global competitiveness.
Stem covers more than 400 majors in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Our common biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, aerospace, architecture, civil engineering, computer, electronics, machinery, mathematics, statistics, etc. are on the list. Some finance related majors, such as financial engineering, financial mathematics, as well as supply chain management and business analysis in business schools, also belong to stem majors. Whether these majors are undergraduates, masters or doctors, they belong to stem majors. According to opt (full name: optional training), international students can continue to work and practice in the United States as students for 12 months after graduation from American universities.
The advantage of stem specialty is that the opt time of graduates in stem specialty field can be extended to 36 months. The opt time for international students majoring in general is 12 months. At the same time, American students can use opt to intern in the United States. According to the situation, they can apply for H1B work visa. HB work visa will be reviewed every April. Most students have at least one opportunity to obtain work visa, then stay in the United States and apply for green card.
From this, we can see that the employment market and employment policy in the United States are relatively loose. Between January and October 2018, 1.8 million people aged 20 to 29 obtained university degrees. Among these recent degree recipients, about 1.1 million received bachelor's degrees, 352000 advanced degrees and 374000 associate degrees. Among the recent bachelor's degree recipients, the employment rate in October 2018 was 72.3%. In 2017-2018, nearly 20% of the total number of Chinese students studied in the United States through opt, reaching 65680, an increase of 9.8% over the previous statistical year. This seems to show that the overall competitiveness of Chinese graduates in the U.S. job market has increased. However, the employment competition is still very fierce.
As for the salary of students studying for employment in the United States, the following is the top 20 highest salary of undergraduate graduates rated by PayScale for your reference:
Massachusetts Institute of technology, 0-5 years' average salary after graduation: $81500;
Harvey Mudd College, Harvey Mudd College, 0-5 years' average salary after graduation: $81000;
California Institute of technology, California Institute of technology, 0-5 years' average salary after graduation: $78800;
Stanford University, average salary for 0-5 years after graduation: $73300;
Colorado School of mines, Colorado University of mining and technology, 0-5 years' average salary after graduation: $71900.
Princeton University, average salary for 0-5 years after graduation: $69800;
Babson College, Babson College, 0-5 years' average salary after graduation: $66600;
Most of the schools with the highest starting salary are those with engineering majors. At the same time, private colleges have an advantage over public colleges.
In addition to choosing to work in the country where they study, more students will choose to return home for employment. According to the data of the Ministry of education, the number of returned students reached 519000 in 2018, and the development of returned students is becoming the mainstream. A data in 2018 shows that 26.3% of overseas returnees' first job salary in China after graduation is more than 10000 yuan, twice higher than that of local fresh students, and 4.2% of overseas students' first job salary exceeds 20000 yuan, three times higher than that of domestic students.